Search Results Search Sort by RelevanceMost Recent State of the Art and Science Sep 2024 With What Should We Replace Nonhuman Animals in Biomedical Research Protocols? Mikalah Singer, JD, LLM and Aysha Akhtar, MD, MPH Historically, most discussions about nonhuman animal experimentation consider what has become known as the 3 R’s: refinement, reduction, and replacement. AMA J Ethics. 2024;26(9):E701-708. doi: 10.1001/amajethics.2024.701. Pagination First page « First Previous page ‹ Previous … Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Page 10 Page 11 Page 12 Current page 13
State of the Art and Science Sep 2024 With What Should We Replace Nonhuman Animals in Biomedical Research Protocols? Mikalah Singer, JD, LLM and Aysha Akhtar, MD, MPH Historically, most discussions about nonhuman animal experimentation consider what has become known as the 3 R’s: refinement, reduction, and replacement. AMA J Ethics. 2024;26(9):E701-708. doi: 10.1001/amajethics.2024.701.