AMA Journal of Ethics^®

When a clinician refuses to do a procedure consistent with standard of care for a patient, legal resources can be helpful.

Some question whether plastic surgeons bear responsibility for promoting suspect norms of beauty, given that certain types of cosmetic enhancements reinforce common conceptions of normality that are harmful to society.

Clinicians using governing authority to make public health policy are ethically obliged to draw upon scientific and clinical information that accords professional standards.