Historically, most discussions about nonhuman animal experimentation consider what has become known as the 3 R’s: refinement, reduction, and replacement.
AMA J Ethics. 2024;26(9):E701-708. doi:
10.1001/amajethics.2024.701.
The possibility of nonhuman animals becoming legal persons and having better protections under the federal Animal Welfare Act is front and center here.
AMA J Ethics. 2024;26(9):E696-700. doi:
10.1001/amajethics.2024.696.
Ethically justifying human-centered research with only nonhuman animals as subjects likely requires that the research’s benefits to humans must, at least, outweigh harms suffered by the nonhuman animals.
AMA J Ethics. 2024;26(9):E673-678. doi:
10.1001/amajethics.2024.673.
Theodore E. Schall, PhD, MSW, MBE, Kaitlyn Jaffe, PhD, and Jacob D. Moses, PhD
Clinicians should know how randomized controlled trials can and cannot contribute to advancing health equity for transgender and gender diverse people.
AMA J Ethics. 2024;26(9):E684-689. doi:
10.1001/amajethics.2024.684.