Critical race theory tools of evaluating stock characters and counter stories can help clinicians and researchers illuminate experiences of those at the margins.
AMA J Ethics. 2022;24(3):E212-217. doi:
10.1001/amajethics.2022.212.
When patients are unable to express their wishes and do not have surrogates or advance directives, which and whose values should inform decision making for them? We discuss ethical complexities of caring for unrepresented patients.