Upcoding and misrepresenting clinical information constitute fraud, cost a lot, and can result in patient harm and unnecessary procedures and prescriptions.
AMA J Ethics. 2020;22(3):E221-231. doi:
10.1001/amajethics.2020.221.
When police officers and clinicians perceive a moral transgression committed by an agent responding to risk in the field, they are susceptible to moral injury.
AMA J Ethics. 2022;24(2):E126-132. doi:
10.1001/amajethics.2022.126.