AMA Journal of Ethics^®

Some clinicians cite absence of long-term data to justify not fully deferring surgery for children with DSD, and legal restrictions of early procedures are also at play.

Covert medication administration might be as forceful as physical or chemical restraint for patients lacking insight.

Establishing criteria for compassion maximization would help us do better than harm minimization.

For an adolescent patient with extreme anorexia nervosa, steps for expressing compassion during a force intervention need to be clear.