Health professionals’ involvement in atrocities of the Holocaust has influenced bioethics in critical ways. From abortion to xeno-transplantation, deliberation on almost every ethics topic in health care today—genetics, informed consent, public health, military and civilian health policy and practice, death and dying, human subjects research, and refugee care—is influenced by Nazi medical crimes. This theme issue is devoted to orienting and reorienting contemporary bioethics to legacies of this tragic history.