State of the Art and Science
Sep 2025
Elizabeth Lanphier, PhD, MS, HEC-C and James Duffee, MD, MPH
Early childhood adversity and trauma can influence a person’s health throughout their lifespan and contribute to chronic disease and early death.
AMA J Ethics. 2025;27(9):E678-685. doi:
10.1001/amajethics.2025.678.