Clinicians can offer expertise about physiological and psychological consequences of sleep deprivation, which inform what legally counts as torture.

This issue investigates how sleep is a communal natural resource and a basic physiological need that deserves our ethical attention and stewardship.

Behaviorally induced insufficient sleep syndrome can exacerbate morning side effects of prescription sleep aids, and there are potentially serious long-term risks.

A paradigm shift in circadian science is underway, exposing ethical tensions from a legacy of pervasive neglect of circadian disorders.

A transition to organoids and organ-on-a-chip technologies would signal a paradigm shift in biomedical research.

Whether and to what extent constitutional equal protection should apply to some nonhuman animals can be considered in light of corporations having gained such protection.

Historically, most discussions about nonhuman animal experimentation consider what has become known as the 3 R’s: refinement, reduction, and replacement.

Humans make critical decisions about nonhuman lab animals outside the lab: during breeding, transportation, and end-of-study protocols.

How to amend the 3 R’s has been driven mainly by philosophical ethics approaches to nonhuman animal rights and by scientific advancement.

The possibility of nonhuman animals becoming legal persons and having better protections under the federal Animal Welfare Act is front and center here.