Inequitable care and outcomes experienced by persons with mental illness have long been exacerbated by stigma expressed by clinicians.

All harm resulting from negligence is iatrogenic, but not all iatrogenic injury is negligent.

Underrecognition and lack of awareness about how to help patients with painful menstruation constitute injustice and a health care harm.

When clinicians engage surrogates in video calls showing the patient’s body, several competing ethical questions must be considered.

International humanitarian law obliges clinicians to coordinate with local civilian, military, and nongovernment organizations, and implementation isn't easy.

Several clinical and ethical dilemmas arise when caring for refugees with complex, costly, and chronic conditions.

Crises can require all clinicians to modify practice priorities during extreme circumstances.

Research that places subjects and investigators at risk of additional harm must be considered carefully.

Clinicians in postconflict health care settings can be tasked with caring for patients who were enemies.

Consumption of over-the-counter vitamins, minerals, and herbals is widespread, but clinicians lack critical information about their use.