This article considers force use in clinical settings after a triggering event—a behavioral or medical crisis—and considers how it should be implemented.
AMA J Ethics. 2021;23(4):E326-334. doi:
10.1001/amajethics.2021.326.
After the Indiana HIV outbreak in 2015, Congress partially repealed the ban on needle exchange programs, providing funding for operations but not syringes.
AMA J Ethics. 2016;18(3):252-257. doi:
10.1001/journalofethics.2016.18.3.hlaw1-1603.
Concrete protocols for supporting trainees include convening team meetings, tracking bias incidents, collecting data, and initiating protective changes in culture.
AMA J Ethics. 2019;21(6):E513-520. doi:
10.1001/amajethics.2019.513.