History of Medicine
Oct 2015
Keymanthri Moodley, MBChB, MFam Med, DPhil and Sharon Kling, MBChB, MMed, MPhil
The gross negligence of the physicians who cared for Steve Biko, an apartheid-era South African political activist who died of injuries inflicted while in police custody, illustrates how dual loyalty—toward patients and, in this case, the state—makes performance of professional duties difficult.
AMA J Ethics. 2015; 17(10):966-972. doi:
10.1001/journalofethics.2015.17.10.mhst1-1510.