Physicians can ethically withhold information in situations where full disclosure of a diagnosis or treatment would cause great psychological harm to the patient.
An ethical case describes an accident where a minor is killed while bungee jumping and her older brother must decide if her wishes to be an organ donor should be honored.
A case exploring who has the authority to make contraceptive choices, 15-year-old girl whose sexually active status is unknown or her mother, and what is the physician's duty in the situation.