Historically, most discussions about nonhuman animal experimentation consider what has become known as the 3 R’s: refinement, reduction, and replacement.
AMA J Ethics. 2024;26(9):E701-708. doi:
10.1001/amajethics.2024.701.
The possibility of nonhuman animals becoming legal persons and having better protections under the federal Animal Welfare Act is front and center here.
AMA J Ethics. 2024;26(9):E696-700. doi:
10.1001/amajethics.2024.696.
Whether and to what extent constitutional equal protection should apply to some nonhuman animals can be considered in light of corporations having gained such protection.
AMA J Ethics. 2024;26(9):E690-695. doi:
10.1001/amajethics.2024.690.
Theodore E. Schall, PhD, MSW, MBE, Kaitlyn Jaffe, PhD, and Jacob D. Moses, PhD
Clinicians should know how randomized controlled trials can and cannot contribute to advancing health equity for transgender and gender diverse people.
AMA J Ethics. 2024;26(9):E684-689. doi:
10.1001/amajethics.2024.684.
Ethically justifying human-centered research with only nonhuman animals as subjects likely requires that the research’s benefits to humans must, at least, outweigh harms suffered by the nonhuman animals.
AMA J Ethics. 2024;26(9):E673-678. doi:
10.1001/amajethics.2024.673.