Physicians should provide women considering abortion after Down syndrome screening with unbiased information and not attempt to influence their decision.

Emergency research that requires exception from informed consent presents challenges in defining and reaching the at-risk community.

Treatment of pregnant women with psychosis may involve reconciling conflicting ethical obligations.

Research on emergency room patients with life-threatening illness, conducted under the FDA-approved Exception From Informed Consent (EFIC) policy, does not further reduce the autonomy of such patients and offers potential benefit to those patients as well as others.