Whether and to what extent constitutional equal protection should apply to some nonhuman animals can be considered in light of corporations having gained such protection.
AMA J Ethics. 2024; 26(9):E690-695. doi:
10.1001/amajethics.2024.690.
Ethically justifying human-centered research with only nonhuman animals as subjects likely requires that the research’s benefits to humans must, at least, outweigh harms suffered by the nonhuman animals.
AMA J Ethics. 2024; 26(9):E673-678. doi:
10.1001/amajethics.2024.673.