Improving health outcomes through patient-centered care is one way to build value for stakeholders in health care.

Co-creation initiatives in health care have potential to support health equity but require a redistribution of power and a common vision in order to succeed.

Patients’ perceptions of how much input they have in making health decisions influence therapeutic alliance and outcomes.

Public and self-stigma negatively influence patients’ quality of life, employment, and housing opportunities.

Some clinicians cite absence of long-term data to justify not fully deferring surgery for children with DSD, and legal restrictions of early procedures are also at play.

Fostering transgender patients’ sense of agency should be a clinical and ethical priority.

Physicians’ primary responsibility is to promote patients’ well-being, which includes not causing financial harm.

Co-creative health systems planning requires engaging patients and learning from peers.