Some patients who need general medical care before a dental intervention can suffer increased risk for poor outcomes if they have compromised access to care.

Co-creation initiatives in health care have potential to support health equity but require a redistribution of power and a common vision in order to succeed.

Professional society guidelines can be used to set standards for clinical practice instead of government. This approach could help if federal or state policymakers view discarding embryos as ethically equivalent to abortion.

Clinicians diagnosing and treating potentially trafficked patients with co-occurring addiction and mental illness should guard against expressing negative biases.

Research and training are needed so that physicians are able to identify human trafficking victims and refer them to appropriate trauma-informed treatment.

How should evidence be used to interpret and inform whether to accommodate patients’ requests for clinicians with specific traits?

Noninvasive prenatal testing arguably constitutes a form of eugenics in a social context in which certain reproductive outcomes are not valued.

Until the mid-20th century, birth in the United States for Latinx Indigenous peoples was an ancestral ceremony guided by midwives and traditional healers.

During or after conflict, a clinician might be required to provide evidence to an official investigatory body or court.