Concrete protocols for supporting trainees include convening team meetings, tracking bias incidents, collecting data, and initiating protective changes in culture.
AMA J Ethics. 2019;21(6):E513-520. doi:
10.1001/amajethics.2019.513.
Volk v DeMeerleer may conflict with professional guidelines regarding physicians’ obligations to breach patient confidentiality to protect third parties.
AMA J Ethics. 2018;20(1):10-18. doi:
10.1001/journalofethics.2018.20.1.peer2-1801.
To be best able to respond if third parties in assisted reproduction contracts break their terms, physicians should familiarize themselves with the contracts, encourage all parties to self-disclose, and, failing that, disclose material information to the other party.