Perhaps machine learning systems trained on patients’ electronic health records and social media footprints could be used as decision aids when patients lack capacity or face overwhelming decisions.

The AMA Code of Medical Ethics' opinions related to decision-making capacity and competence and surrogate decision making.

When patients cannot give informed consent or refusal for antipsychotic medication, physicians must meet specific criteria to justify temporarily withholding a diagnosis.

In some cases, hope might not have substantial ethical or therapeutic value.

Overriding a proxy decision maker’s refusal of medication for a psychotic patient is justified when the patient poses a danger to himself or others.

Emergency medical consultations share with other emergencies the need for prompt action, potentially without information or tools ordinarily available.

The best interests of a pregnant psychotic patient can be served by determining her decision making capacity and using surrogate decision making if needed.

This commentary on a case considers the ethical feasibility of palliative psychiatry in the care of patients with severe and enduring anorexia nervosa.

Treatment-resistant schizophrenia can create a high disease burden for some patients, making it hard to get good outcomes.

Some individuals with severe and enduring anorexia nervosa experience dramatically degraded quality of life in the face of refractory illness and compulsory treatment.