Professional society guidelines can be used to set standards for clinical practice instead of government. This approach could help if federal or state policymakers view discarding embryos as ethically equivalent to abortion.

African cancer research is embedded in underresourced health care infrastructures, illuminating ethical questions about benefit sharing and governance.

IRBs must report human subject research protocol deviations and university leadership might also need to motivate compliance with federal regulations.

Noninvasive prenatal testing arguably constitutes a form of eugenics in a social context in which certain reproductive outcomes are not valued.

Systematic analysis of extant research ethics guidance is needed for conflict-affected countries and UN agencies.

Emergency research that requires exception from informed consent presents challenges in defining and reaching the at-risk community.

Community-based participatory research ensures that community protections, risks, and benefits are considered during ethical reviews of research protocols.

The clinician/healer must both address the disease and seek to know how the medical condition is being experienced by the patient—what impact it has on his or her life and spirit.