African cancer research is embedded in underresourced health care infrastructures, illuminating ethical questions about benefit sharing and governance.

IRBs must report human subject research protocol deviations and university leadership might also need to motivate compliance with federal regulations.

Legacy patients are so-called because their opioid use behaviors express past, aggressive opioid prescribing by a clinician. Managing their pain and dependence justly is ethically complex.

A 3-step analgesic ladder was introduced in 1986 and needs change. Surgical interventions could reduce opioid use and motivate expansion of current pain management approaches.

Systematic analysis of extant research ethics guidance is needed for conflict-affected countries and UN agencies.

Emergency research that requires exception from informed consent presents challenges in defining and reaching the at-risk community.

The AAP’s guidelines on lipid screening for children raise concerns about the fundamental purpose of prevention and its role in balancing individual autonomy with the benefits of society at large.

Community-based participatory research ensures that community protections, risks, and benefits are considered during ethical reviews of research protocols.