Dr Aysha Akhtar joins Ethics Talk to discuss her article, coauthored with Mikalah Singer, “With What Should We Replace Nonhuman Animals in Biomedical Research Protocols?”
Historically, most discussions about nonhuman animal experimentation consider what has become known as the 3 R’s: refinement, reduction, and replacement.
AMA J Ethics. 2024; 26(9):E701-708. doi:
10.1001/amajethics.2024.701.