The Nuremberg Code, the World Medical Association’s declarations of Geneva and Helsinki, and the Belmont Report share an origin in the Holocaust.

The Holocaust and the racial hygiene doctrine that helped rationalize it still overshadow contemporary debates about using gene editing for disease prevention.

Immorally acquired information, from Nazi experimentation or other sources, infects the body of scientific and biomedical knowledge.

The Holocaust differs from other instances of mass murder in that it was medically sanctioned genocide.

Guidance from the Code addresses legitimacy and trustworthiness of information from unethical experimentation.

Designation of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities as a medically underserved population would not solve problems of access to care.

Women with disabilities may be prevented access to reproductive medicine due to discrimination and mistaken assumptions about disabled people.

Clinicians with obligations to patients and to organizations often assess patients in law enforcement for both therapeutic and nontherapeutic purposes.

Physicians must resist judging the quality of life of their patients with Down syndrome and learn to listen and see them as individual personalities.

If the safe-and-effective standard for judging devices’ potential as therapy or enhancement is inadequate, one might wonder whether BCI regulation should be overseen by the FDA.