Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) protocols vary by surgery type and are compared, clinically and ethically, to traditional protocols.

Legacy patients are so-called because their opioid use behaviors express past, aggressive opioid prescribing by a clinician. Managing their pain and dependence justly is ethically complex.

Social work perspectives on whether prescribers should authorize opioid refills emphasize the importance of multidisciplinary approaches to patient self-determination.

Considering chronic opioid use when planning elective surgery would likely enhance team communication, decrease stigma, and facilitate care transitioning and long-term planning.

A 3-step analgesic ladder was introduced in 1986 and needs change. Surgical interventions could reduce opioid use and motivate expansion of current pain management approaches.

Helping patients mitigate their risk of chronic disease is key, but dietary supplements are risky.

Children with micronutrient deficiency might need supplementation, sometimes in irregularly high doses.

Consumption of over-the-counter vitamins, minerals, and herbals is widespread, but clinicians lack critical information about their use.

Some allopathic clinicians’ biases influence the information they draw upon to make decisions and offer recommendations.

Label analysis is key to educating patients about risks of vitamin A-containing supplements.