Patients’ adherence to recommendations can unjustly influence their candidacy for a current intervention.

Critical race theory tools of evaluating stock characters and counter stories can help clinicians and researchers illuminate experiences of those at the margins.

Medicine has always maintained social, political, and economic structures that have exacerbated Black and Brown persons’ lived embodiment of racism.

Raciolinguistic hierarchies can undermine the quality of Latinx patients’ health experiences.

Heightened privacy and confidentiality stakes generate unique anonymity and nondisclosure policies and practices for HIV.

Deception’s justifiability might depend on clinicians’ commitment to solidarity and awareness of social determinants of patients’ vulnerability to HIV infection.

Patient-centered care means offering potentially beneficial interventions while avoiding retraumatizing a patient.

The AMA Code of Medical Ethics offers guidance on HIV screening that expresses respect for patient autonomy while protecting public health.

Merits and drawbacks of U = U messaging are ethically and clinically complex, and drawbacks could harm patients in whom viral suppression is hard to achieve.

Physicians must resist judging the quality of life of their patients with Down syndrome and learn to listen and see them as individual personalities.