The WHO Clinical Staging System for HIV/AIDS allows physicians in resource-limited settings to make clinical decisions based on patient clinical features instead of laboratory tests.
It is unconstitutional--and unethical--for physicians to participate in evidence-gathering against pregnant women suspected of being addicted to illegal substances without informing them of their constitutional rights or gaining their informed consent.
Raising occupational consciousness and critically questioning ahistorical and apolitical uses of "battle" is needed for responding to antimicrobial resistance.
AMA J Ethics. 2024;26(5):E390-398. doi:
10.1001/amajethics.2024.390.