Private equity investments in health care have grown to over $750 billion in the past decade and include every segment of the US health sector.

One driver of the corporatization of medicine has been private equity firms’ acquisitions of physician practices.

As private equity funds acquire a growing share of America’s health care system, their focus has expanded from hospitals and nursing homes to physician practices.

Be cautious about drawing conclusions from a narrow sample of literature about private equity based on studies in one sector.

Private equity firms’ acquisition and management of physicians’ practices have been associated with increased cost and diminished quality.

Private equity firms exacerbate health inequity by driving hospital closures in historically underserved communities. Now nonprofit health systems are also vulnerable.

Patients who are incarcerated lack timely access to safe, quality surgical care.

The US has the most individuals who are incarcerated worldwide.

Surgeons have important legal and ethical obligations to patients who are incarcerated and accompanied by carceral facility personnel.

AMA's focus on health care for persons who are incarcerated was in response to the US Supreme Court’s 1964 Cooper v Pate holding.