Vegan patients screened for vitamin and mineral deficiencies might benefit from supplements, but physicians are obliged to discuss lack of regulation in the supplement industry and possible risks.

Understanding the religious background of patients and their surrogates is essential to providing patient-centered care at the end of life.

Whether a patient’s decisional regret constitutes a failure of shared decision making can depend on how a decision was made.

Shared decision making honors patient autonomy, particularly for preference-sensitive care decisions and even when patients have impaired decision-making capacity.

Helping patients mitigate their risk of chronic disease is key, but dietary supplements are risky.

Children with micronutrient deficiency might need supplementation, sometimes in irregularly high doses.

Consumption of over-the-counter vitamins, minerals, and herbals is widespread, but clinicians lack critical information about their use.

Some allopathic clinicians’ biases influence the information they draw upon to make decisions and offer recommendations.

Label analysis is key to educating patients about risks of vitamin A-containing supplements.