Dr Jennifer Aldrich joins Ethics Talk to discuss her article, coauthored with Jessica Kant and Eric Gramszlo: “Gender-Affirming Care, Incarceration, and the Eighth Amendment.”

Chaplains can mediate between physicians and families by clarifying religious issues for physicians, who can then present treatment options informed by a patient’s priorities. Ideally, family and religious values and a physician’s judgment should work together to inform decision making.

Plastic surgeons’ use of patient images on social media should conform to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons’ advertising and image use guidelines.

Physicians should extend gender-affirming treatment to gender-nonconforming people, who experience discrimination and health disparities.

Clinicians should know how randomized controlled trials can and cannot contribute to advancing health equity for transgender and gender diverse people.

Fostering transgender patients’ sense of agency should be a clinical and ethical priority.

This article canvasses states’ legal prohibitions and challenges to them and considers consequences for clinicians and patients.

PROM data can contribute to evidence-based, shared decision making and just access to gender-affirming surgical care.

Estelle v Gamble (1976) reiterates that the 8th Amendment to the US Constitution requires adequate care to be offered to all people who are incarcerated.