A 3-step analgesic ladder was introduced in 1986 and needs change. Surgical interventions could reduce opioid use and motivate expansion of current pain management approaches.
AMA J Ethics. 2020;22(8):E695-701. doi:
10.1001/amajethics.2020.695.
Mary Perkinson, DMA, Vaishali Phatak, PhD, and Meghan K. Ramirez
There is evidence of the benefits of music for health and wellness, but current US clinical practice does not yet commonly incorporate arts-based interventions.
AMA J Ethics. 2022;24(7):E611-616. doi:
10.1001/amajethics.2022.611.