The question that comes to mind when one considers the risks of a clinical trial is, “Why would anyone agree to participate?” Interviews with trial volunteers and their family members make clear that often it is the appeal of discovering something new and unknown.

Gender stereotypes—although they may have basis in epidemiologic studies—can lead physicians to biased and incomplete diagnoses.

The percentages of women who have published in academic medical journals over the last 3 decades continues to grow.

How should physicians researching life-sustaining technologies consider their duties to enrolled subjects?

Selected ideas in C. Donald Combs and P. Ford Combs’ article, “Emerging Roles of Virtual Patients in the Age of AI,” are further considered.

Despite drawbacks of immunosuppression and surgery, vascularized composite allotransplants can enhance lives of patients who meet candidacy criteria and are well supported.

How should evidence be used to interpret and inform whether to accommodate patients’ requests for clinicians with specific traits?

Legal inconsistencies and variation in end-of-life options generate disparities in care for unrepresented patients.

Virtual reality technology’s promises and perils emerge when using VPs in health professions education.

As machine learning becomes increasingly common in health care, these systems’ data, algorithms, and recommendations raise critical justice questions.