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一名扎着蛇形马尾辫、衣衫褴褛的中国男人站在港口的一个台架上。“污秽”、“道德败坏”、“疾病”、“侵占白人劳工工作机会”等字眼从他的头部发散出来。1881 年,漫画家 George Frederick Keller 在重新构思其自由女神像作品时,敏锐捕捉了当时普遍存在的反华恐惧和偏见思潮。1在愚昧无知和种族主义的推动下, 1882 年《排华法案》颁布,这是美国历史上第一部限制特定种族或族裔群体移民的法律。2直到 1943 年,当美国希望中国成为其抗日战争的盟友时,这部针对中国移民的排华法律才得以废除。2
随着新型冠状病毒(COVID-19)的爆发,因“像中国人的面孔”而引发的恐惧和种族歧视再次甚嚣尘上。昔日人头攒动的美国唐人街店铺,如今变得冷冷清清的;亚洲人和亚裔美国人在地铁里遭到了斥责和攻击,有的还在住宿酒店时遭受询问并被拒之门外3;人群中如果有带有这种种族特征的人咳嗽或打喷嚏,旁人便会立即跑开。疾病引发对特定人群的恐慌和仇外心理并非首次出现。4 令人遗憾的是,这可能也不是最后一次。
迄今为止,已有近 3千 人死于 COVID-19 病毒,其中大部分死亡病例发生在中国;美国尚未出现死亡报告。5 作为背景介绍,全球每年有 29万至 65万人死于季节性流感6,在本次流感季中,据估计美国就有 1万6千至 4万1千人死于流感。7 随着我们加深对新型冠状病毒的调查、跟踪和了解,我们需要及时有效地向公众传播准确的相关信息。卫生保健专业人士在教育病人和社区宣传方面发挥着重要的作用,但仅仅依靠教育宣传是不够的:医生们要说服病人接种流感疫苗往往困难重重,就足以证明这一点。
在一个发帖质量良莠不齐、视频可即时共享的世界,似乎人人都可以创造和传播各种真真假假的信息。网络上的谣言传播得越来越快,范围越来越广,似乎比真理渗透得更深、更广。8 为了治理此等“信息疫情”,政府、业界、专业人士、 媒体必须携手合作,遏制和打击有关新型冠状病毒的错误和虚假信息。9世界卫生组织目前正与科技和社交媒体巨头合作,消除错误和虚假信息,并引导人们识别值得信赖的信息源。10那些名列财富 500 强的大公司和其他大型雇主们是这场粉碎谣言战役中的关键一环, 因为大众往往相信雇主是可靠的信息来源。11顶级科学家和公共卫生专家们向全球发布了紧急号召,谴责了有关新型冠状病毒起源的阴谋论,并强烈地抵制散播错误和虚假信息,避免人们一时冲动,做出最糟糕的判断。12
在需要人类团结合作的危急关头,谣言会生根发芽并四处传播,以危害性极强的方式破坏团结。我们不能让恐惧、谎言和仇恨比新型冠状病毒传播得更快,大家都生活在一个互联互通的世界中,任何人或社区都无法成为一座孤岛。新型冠状病毒大面积传染似乎不可避免,全人类共同抗击全球健康威胁的决心定将经受考验。在这段时期内,我们期望并需要权威人士遵照当下最科学的指导,保持同理心,行事文明礼貌,展示出领导力,赢得公众信任。
此前从未有非英语影片斩获奥斯卡最佳影片奖。来自韩国的奥斯卡获奖影片《寄生虫》一针见血地提醒所有人,让我们欢笑、哭泣、相爱和绝望的正是成就人类的人性。在思考未来几个月新型冠状病毒将带来的威胁和不确定性时,请让我们携手共同鼓舞、颂扬并展示人类共有的人性。
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