Accurate, standardized, and granular data comes from community engagement and trust.

This article draws on opinions in the AMA Code and applies them to evidence-based practice.

Modern epidemiological science developed as domestic and international infectious disease transmission accompanied industrialization and colonial military expansion.

EHRs have revolutionized the scale, speed, and granularity at which health data can be collated and summarized for epidemiologic purposes. 

Data quality for and about American Indian/Alaska Native people is undermined by deeply entrenched, colonial practices that have become standard in US federal data systems. 

Even research that uses ideal datasets might not generate high-quality evidence.

Systematic deviation from truth can arise during data collection, methodological application, and outcomes analysis.

Coded data from patients’ health records are used in epidemiological research about incidence or prevalence of disease, drug safety monitoring, or long-term cohort tracking.

This article offers examples of connections between built environments and health outcomes and regulation of built environments. 

Hostile design discourages and limits use of a space and can make users feel unwelcome or unsafe.