Physicians have a responsibility to advocate for each patient’s best care, even when doing so entails opposing hospital policy, seeking legal help, and making the case public.

In referring transgender patients for medical transition, clinicians should be guided by harm reduction, respect for autonomy, and continuity of care.

Although patients’ medical gender transition can be facilitated by counseling, as a matter of medical ethics, informed consent must be obtained for treatment.

Fictional narrative of a physician who decides to leave the state for safety with his pregnant wife and son when a flu epidemic breaks out.

Many physicians find it difficult to accept uninsured or Medicaid patients due to low level or lack of reimbursement.

Adolescents with gender dysphoria should be active participants in decisions about their gender-related health care.

Undocumented people in the US face legal and structural barriers to health care services, including for kidney failure.

Tension between realistic goals and unrealistic views about how to achieve them is compounded when patients are eager to revise a prior surgeon’s gender-affirming procedure.

This commentary on a case considers a transgender patient’s mental health and risk for DVT in ethical decision making about feminizing gender-affirming hormone therapy.

In referring transgender patients for medical transition, clinicians should be guided by harm reduction, respect for autonomy, and continuity of care.