Feminism plays critical roles in innovating health care policies and practices. Feminist insights into clinicians as gatekeepers to gender-transition interventions can help resist tendencies to pathologize transgender.

Training should be implemented to respond to clinical staff members’ concerns about trans patients occupying sex-segregated spaces and to help mitigate anti-trans bias.

The revisions balance a growing understanding of gender identity disorders and societal views with the need to retain conditions that benefit from intervention and the removal of which would hamper patients’ ability to receive medical treatment.

Humans make critical decisions about nonhuman lab animals outside the lab: during breeding, transportation, and end-of-study protocols.

How to amend the 3 R’s has been driven mainly by philosophical ethics approaches to nonhuman animal rights and by scientific advancement.

One driver of the corporatization of medicine has been private equity firms’ acquisitions of physician practices.

Capital and staff shortages have forced many rural hospitals to close. Private equity investment in rural hospitals has been one solution to these problems.

MLPs have been overlooked as a strategy to advance reproductive health and justice.

Data on certain chronic conditions’ prevalence, incidence of potentially preventable morbidity, and health-harming legal factors influence approaches to care.

Fostering transgender patients’ sense of agency should be a clinical and ethical priority.