Emergency research that requires exception from informed consent presents challenges in defining and reaching the at-risk community.

Although identical twin-to-twin skin grafting has resulted in excellent survival rates in burn patients, the nature and scope of ethical decision making in monozygotic sibling skin grafting needs further examination.

Proliferation of innovative procedures and treatments in surgery has led to novel and distinct ethical challenges. Medicine can learn from plastic surgeons’ approaches to informed consent and potentially harmful treatments.

Protecting patients rather than informed consent should be the goal when the complexity of information overwhelms patients’ decision-making capacity.

Calibrating a machine learning model with data from a local setting is key to predicting psychosis outcomes. Clinicians also need to understand an algorithm’s limitations and disclose clinically and ethically relevant information to patients.

Research is needed on surrogates’ susceptibility to believing that clinical trials provide individual therapeutic benefit.

Clinical decision supports create ethically complex risks and need to align patients’ and caregivers’ professed values.

Two pediatric cases highlight risks of prolonging anesthetic exposure for training purposes and prompt questions about influences of surgical training on outcomes.

Current policy requires separate informed consent for some Public Health Service increased-risk donors, and this can make shared decision making harder.

Heightened privacy and confidentiality stakes generate unique anonymity and nondisclosure policies and practices for HIV.