Dr Ximena Lopez joins Ethics Talk to discuss her article, coauthored with Antonio D. Garcia: “How Cisgender Clinicians Can Help Prevent Harm During Encounters With Transgender Patients.”

Affect labeling during painful bias incidents helps caregivers identify their duties to patients while enabling their own healing.

An orthopedic surgery physician’s experiences suggest strategies for addressing patients’ discriminatory behaviors or speech.

Patient bias towards clinicians and employees in health care is common, but policy to address bias and support staff is relatively limited.

Concrete protocols for supporting trainees include convening team meetings, tracking bias incidents, collecting data, and initiating protective changes in culture.

Transparency about teaching hospitals’ educational mission respects patient autonomy and aligns patients’ interests with those of trainees and the public.

Physicians’ perceptions of “difficult” encounters are related to perceived workload, job satisfaction, and communication training, similar to burnout.

While transgender health care has moved beyond “gender identity disorder” and “gender dysphoria” as mental illnesses, gender incongruence continues to be a source of oppression.

Transgender people commonly experience discrimination from clinicians, which directly contributes to worse mental and physical health outcomes.