Shared decision making honors patient autonomy, particularly for preference-sensitive care decisions and even when patients have impaired decision-making capacity.

Most women requesting pregnancy termination have already decided to undergo an abortion, but some jurisdictions have implemented strategies to induce doubt and regret.

Good health care for elders requires acute ethical attention to the role of ageism as a pervasive source of bias.

Understanding the religious background of patients and their surrogates is essential to providing patient-centered care at the end of life.

Sterilization requires physicians’ surgical skills. Forced sterilization requires many clinicians’ complicity.

消毒需要醫生的手術技巧。強制絕育需要許多臨床醫師的配合。

La esterilización requiere las habilidades quirúrgicas de los médicos. La esterilización forzada requiere la complicidad de muchos médicos.

Patients’ cultural, religious, and social norms deserve respect, but some decisions’ effects on patients’ outcomes can be unjust and ethically troubling.

患者的文化、宗教和社會規範值得尊重，但某些決定對患者結果的影響可能是不公正的且在道德上令人不安

Las normas culturales, religiosas y sociales de los pacientes merecen respeto, pero los efectos de algunas decisiones en los resultados de los pacientes pueden ser injustos y éticamente preocupantes.