Clinicians must avoid violating professional ethical principles and patients’ legal rights and they may not ever discriminate. So, what does that mean in practice?

Financial relationships are common, and ethical questions rightly emerge about how conflicts of interest compromise investigators’ approaches to research.

The AMA Code of Medical Ethics offers guidance for balancing need for safety with demand for innovation.

Therapeutic misconception—a false belief that individuals will benefit from participating in research—can bias informed consent. Ethics consultants can help by engaging participants’ and researchers’ understandings of risks and benefits and by asking good questions about the influences of researchers’ enthusiasm.

Affect labeling during painful bias incidents helps caregivers identify their duties to patients while enabling their own healing.

An orthopedic surgery physician’s experiences suggest strategies for addressing patients’ discriminatory behaviors or speech.

Clinician-researchers deeply invested in data gathering are still obliged to respect a patient-subject’s right to stop being in research.

The Volunteer Physicians for Vietnam Program (1966-1973) influenced both physicians-in-training and the environments in which they were immersed.

Hippocrates, a plague doctor, and today's physician practice in ancient, medieval, and contemporary times and places.

Shared decision making in research informed consent conversations is complex due to diverse and potentially divergent interests of investigators and patient-subjects.