Navajo students whose beliefs forbid them from touching dead bodies need not forgo pursuing careers in medicine; some medical school administrators are teaching anatomy without cadavers.

The AMA Code of Medical Ethics’ opinions on physician participation in abortion, assisted reproduction, and physician-assisted suicide.

For physicians who morally oppose assisted reproduction, NaProTECHNOLOGY offers an alternative set of treatments for infertility.

What is conscience? What is its place in the delivery of health care? What are the responsibilities to patient well-being of those who exercise conscience claims?

Even when patients and physicians share the same moral framework, they may still disagree about whether a course of action is morally permissible.

If employees of religious institutions whose consciences conflict with those of their employers were to be granted legal protection for positive claims of conscience, the religious freedom of institutions within which they work would be gravely compromised.

Society is best served by an approach to conscience that combines a progressive understanding of patients’ needs, a nuanced determination of when those needs translate into claims, and a limited role for conscientious refusal.

Herman Melville's account of Bartleby the scrivener has something to teach us about the interactive nature of refusal and the empathy necessary for an exchange of values in the setting of conscientious refusal.

The most controversial component of the ACA has arguably been the mandate that group health plans cover contraception costs, which has elicited backlash from religious and conservative groups who believe it violates certain employers' religious freedoms.

When patient autonomy became a closely held value in medical ethics in the 1960s and '70s, the physician’s conscience-based right to refuse to deliver a given service began to be contested.