The alarm generated by the AIDS epidemic left civil liberties proponents fearful that traditional public health responses might be imposed on newly susceptible or infected populations.

Afflicted individuals and racial or national groups have been stigmatized because of perceptions about highly contagious, difficult-to-cure diseases.

Modern evidence-based designers’ lineage was prominently shaped between 1800 and 1970.

Research is needed to determine the direction of causality between loneliness and internet use.

Modern epidemiological science developed as domestic and international infectious disease transmission accompanied industrialization and colonial military expansion.