Distinctions between treatment and enhancement, and between supposedly authentic and inauthentic tools, often inform judgments about what is morally acceptable in sport.
Two doctrines are proposed for electronic medical records: one, to regulate the storage and exchange of data, and the other, to empower patients to choose who has access to their medical information.
Instead of trying to reduce the number of people who have access to a patient's medical record by quarantining information, hospitals should explain the current meaning of confidentiality to patients as part of the informed consent process.
