Evidence-based techniques for responding to patients’ pain expressions and experiences during such procedures are known, even in the absence of a standard of care.

This article considers AMA Code of Medical Ethics’ opinions relevant to the care of patients who are incarcerated.

Recent increases in adolescent mortality from overdose have outpaced increases in mortality in members of the general population.

When clinicians engage surrogates in video calls showing the patient’s body, several competing ethical questions must be considered.

Defining typical appearance as a goal of health service provision is harmful and unnecessary for traits that are stigmatized but neither harmful nor distressing.

More frequent use of robotic-assisted surgeries means we need to ask more questions about care quality and equity, informed consent, and conflicts of interest.

This article suggests strategies for how to disclose the nature and scope of resident surgeon involvement in managing intraoperative care.

This article considers which risks AI-facilitated surgical robotics pose for safety, confidentiality, informed consent, and surgical training. 

Tension between realistic goals and unrealistic views about how to achieve them is compounded when patients are eager to revise a prior surgeon’s gender-affirming procedure.

Despite common outcomes of GRS, decision making about surgical care differs among patients across the lifespan.