Etiology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder.

Despite high incidence of endometriosis internationally and domestically, many patients wait a decade after symptom onset for an accurate diagnosis.

Coded data from patients’ health records are used in epidemiological research about incidence or prevalence of disease, drug safety monitoring, or long-term cohort tracking.

Adhering too strictly to biomedical thinking about diagnosis can prevent clinicians from empathically engaging with patients and helping them navigate their illness experiences.

Lobbying, maintaining diagnostic skill, participating in national societies, and contributing to robust discourse can influence practice and policy.

Since 1995, the American Academy of Neurology has provided guidelines for brain death determination, but nationwide adherence to these guidelines has been incomplete.

Criteria in statutes and tests used to diagnose brain death don’t always jibe, and this can undermine public trust in death pronouncements.

Patients writing daily journal briefs about work-related activities and pain can help clinicians help them.

Hyperfocus on measurability can result in evidentiary overreliance and undervaluation of patients’ experience narratives.

Defining typical appearance as a goal of health service provision is harmful and unnecessary for traits that are stigmatized but neither harmful nor distressing.