Heightened caution, improved physician and patient communication, and equitable access are key priorities.

“Living” drugs target specific B-cell malignancy tumor antigens, but cost hundreds of thousands of dollars. Value analysis can help determine whether to offer these customized drugs.

Defining typical appearance as a goal of health service provision is harmful and unnecessary for traits that are stigmatized but neither harmful nor distressing.

A 3-panel comic illustrates an offer of data to pay for health care services.

Whether any particular perspective is the right one is contingent upon conditions in which the analysis is to be applied.

Physicians’ primary responsibility is to promote patients’ well-being, which includes not causing financial harm.

Novel interventions that are effective and safe but costly suggest the importance of questions about value, accessibility, and affordability.

Modeling how technology assessment fits into cost-effectiveness frameworks can broaden the range of options for improving health equity.

Allocating resources for interventions requires consensus among stakeholders with a plurality of perspectives about how to weigh antimicrobial stewardship interventions’ risks and benefits.

Insurers’ decisions about which services to cover are often based on economic models that are seemingly objective but neglect factors affecting people who are economically disadvantaged.