Data quality for and about American Indian/Alaska Native people is undermined by deeply entrenched, colonial practices that have become standard in US federal data systems. 

Even research that uses ideal datasets might not generate high-quality evidence.

Systematic deviation from truth can arise during data collection, methodological application, and outcomes analysis.

Coded data from patients’ health records are used in epidemiological research about incidence or prevalence of disease, drug safety monitoring, or long-term cohort tracking.

This article offers examples of connections between built environments and health outcomes and regulation of built environments. 

Hostile design discourages and limits use of a space and can make users feel unwelcome or unsafe.

Modern evidence-based designers’ lineage was prominently shaped between 1800 and 1970.

Healing and caregiving are affected by built environments in which health services are delivered or awaited.

Since the 1980s, science about how built environments influence human health has been used by architects, engineers, and designers to inform decisions about health care organizations’ structures and spaces.

When built environments in health care result from retrofits, they might be more costly than original constructions.