The word used to describe health care costs in the U.S. for the last several years is “unsustainable.” If the descriptor is accurate, and no one seriously disputes that it is, we must learn to use medical services more wisely, pay less for those we use, or both. Contributors look at ethically defensible ways to do both—from eliminating waste and using resources more cost-effectively to designing new ways to pay for products and services that are essential.